Diabetes (type 2): Prevention Program

Stage of Susceptibility:At this stage, the individual is predisposed to having diabetes mellitus due to some factors called the risk factors. These factors are: Family history of diabetics, i.e if any of the parent or of the lineage has diabetics before. B). overweight this is when the body mass index is more than or equal 25. C).habitual physical activity i.e. when an individual does not participate in any physical activity. D. Some forms are also predominant in some races. E). a person who has been previously identified as having impaired fasting glucose. F). Hypertension and history of gestational diabetes and individuals who has polycystic ovarian syndrome.Stage of Pre-symptomatic Disease:Diabetics mellitus does not have prolonged stage of prolong stage of pre-symptomatic. Since there are two major problems in type 2 DM, there is insulin resistance and there is pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. The beta cell dysfunction might be cause be many factor including autoimmune antibodie s directed on some antigen which will have reduce the number and effectiveness of the beta cell.Stage of Clinical Disease:When the diabetics is full blown common symptoms include polyuria (passing of excess urine both in the day and at night), polydipsia (drinking of excess water to compensate for the fluid been loss by the urinary system), obesity, easy fatigability. some patient will have in addition to theses nausea and vomiting, this is the stage that usually present in the hospitalStage of Disability:Diabetics’ type 2 mellitus if not treated early may cause some complication. These complications are divided into acute and chronic. The acute complication s are the effect which can result from excess glucose that is build up in the blood, this is called Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) in which the excess glucose is converted to acetyl-coA and in the process form ketone bodies. The chronic complications are neuropathy, kidney damage, retinopathy, stroke, and leg ulcersPrimary P revention:The aim of primary treatment is to reduce the predisposing and risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus, this can be done through proper nutrition i.e. eating high fiber, low fat diet, low salt and alcohol intake, and having regular exercise. We ensure that some underline diseases are taking care of every time for instance hypertension.Secondary Prevention:Here the aim of the secondary prevention is to alleviate the symptoms, to normalize the glucose level in the body, and to prevent its complications. This is done by aggressively controlling the hypertension if the patient is hypertensive, giving diabetic diet, by the use of antihypertensive. Insulin can sometimes be given in type 2 but not in all cases, but since we know that there is insulin resistance we will give the patient drugs that will improve the resistance this include Sulphonyuras class of drugs.Tertiary Prevention:This is the treatment given when the disease has presented with complications. This is done by ri gidly monitoring the blood glucose within a close range so as to reduce the already develop complications. Some times operations are carried out on patient with retinopathy so as to correct the sight. In a patient with chronic leg ulcer, the best therapy is to amputate the gangrenous legs so that it will not deteriorate.

Will Project Creep Cost You Or Create Value

Mediators scope adjustments to accommodate new realities or incorporate new capabilities can pay off, but only when they're done very intentionally and with a hard-nosed insistence on demonstrating up front where the money is going to come from. Such vigilance doesn't just happen, which is why for every story like Infant's, there's probably three or four that speak to the dangers of creep. Need an example? Think of the Big Dig, the highway project to put Boson's central artery underground, in which scope changes were all too casually agreed to when they were noticed at all.Construction for this project began in 1991 and was supposed to take 10 years and cost $4. 9 billion. Current projections suggest that more realistic figures are, at minimum, 14 years and $14. 6 billion. You treat every project as utterly unique, none of the learning from one project to another-?which essentially has to do with recognizing patterns-?transfers over,† says Steven Wheelwright, a professor and se nior associate dean at Harvard Business School (HOBS) whose research focuses on product and process development.And just what is this relevant learning Wheelwright is referring to? Conversations with project managers who have a track record of success underscore the importance of adopting, in the initial planning phase, key frameworks, rules, and structures to ensure: ; The right people have defined the project's scope. ; The project's boundaries have been sharply delineated. ; The impact of potential alterations or slippage can be quickly calculated.In the implementation phase, the challenge is to organize the work so as to minimize the inherent uncertainties. Whether you're the manager or the executive sponsor of any major project, a solid methodology that's sensitive to creep can make it easier for you to decide, in the moment, which project add-ions to say yes to and which to pass on. The planning phase A surprising number of projects get under way without a thorough attempt to define their parameters, specs, and performance characteristics.Haste is the chief culprit here, says Dave Nonfat, who brings 40 years of industry project management experience to his role as Enron operations adviser at HOBS and project manager for the renovation of one of the school's main classroom buildings. â€Å"There's a minimum lead time that all projects require,† says Nonfat, and it's the responsibility of the project's manager to know what that lead time is and to ensure that it not squeezed. Here are the key tasks of the planning phase: Differentiate scope from purpose.As you define the parameters of a project, its critical to separate its scope from its purpose. â€Å"A project's purpose is the general benefit it will provide to the organization,† explains Alex Walton, a Winter Park, AAA. Based project con- Copyright C 2005 by Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. 3 Project Creep (continued) sultan who's worked with computer, aerospace, financial, and medical/nutritional companies. â€Å"Its scope comprises the particular elements (or product attributes) that the project team can control and has agreed to deliver. For example, a project's purpose may be to create a new food item that will increase sales by $20 million. But the team developing the product needs to know what features the product must have and what the budget for producing the product will be. This is the information that a three- to four-sentence document known as a scope statement provides; it spells out how the team intends to achieve success and, thus, the criteria on which it will be evaluated. Involve key stakeholders.Make sure that you have the right people defining the project's scope. â€Å"If you don't have all the affected stakeholders and sponsors at the table, either you won't get an accurate identification of the critical dependencies and functionalities or you won't have the people who can ensure that the project hews to th ose critical dependencies and functionalities,† says Brian Dobby, a Enron project manager for Meddles, a Mason, Ohio-based subsidiary of Custodianship's, who oversees the installation of electronics systems in health care facilities.For this reason, it's crucial to include â€Å"the end users perspective and needs when you're scoping out the functionality that's required,† says Wheelwright. In the renovation of Baker Library at HOBS, for example, project planners solicited faculty members' input about the prototypes of the new office spaces that were being designed for them. Plan in the aggregate. Getting the right people involved in defining the scope ND devoting sufficient time to the project planning phase aren't enough to ensure that the project has clear boundaries, however. Organizations also need to do aggregate project planning,† says Wheelwright, â€Å"in which they develop a strategy that lays out a pattern and rhythm for when subsequent projects will o ccur. † This is especially important for new product development. Without such a schedule for future projects, a product engineer with a new idea can grow concerned that it will never be implemented; as a result, there's a strong temptation for the engineer to try to slip that idea into the product that's currently in placement-?regardless of its impact on the cost and schedule.The analysis of prior projects serves as a valuable adjunct to aggregate planning. For example, study the past 1 0 internal IT projects your company has undertaken what patterns emerge? The findings can help you identify and better prepare for potential trouble spots in the IT projects that are on the docket for the coming years. Set the rules. One last piece Of work in the planning phase that can minimize the chances of project creep involves creating buffers or rules that make it difficult for significant hanged to occur without conscious discussion and approval. For instance: ; Set up a change contro l board.In highly structured project environments, such a group is responsible for â€Å"gathering information about the impact that a proposed change will have on the schedule, budget, or scope; voting on the proposed change; and then sending a request-for-change document on for the project sponsors' signature,† says Bob Tartan, a senior consultant who specializes in IT and telecommunications projects for Haverford, pa. -based PM Solutions. Thus, for an IT project affecting the sales, marketing, and logistics departments, the change intro board would comprise senior managers from each of these units.

Kobe Earthquake Case Study

Great Hanshin / Kobe earthquake In the early of January 17th in 1995 at 5:46pm, while many were still sleeping peacefully, the destructive Great Hanshin earthquake, which measured 7. 2 on the Richter scale, struck the Japanese city of Kobe. Kobe has a population of 1. 5 million people and is a major port for importing and exporting goods for Japan, situated south of the main island, Honshu, on a narrow strip of land between the ocean and high mountain ranges, it lies above the junction of the Philippine and Eurasian plates.Kobe has rarely been affected by major earthquakes, only small tremors occasionally, but this earthquake that lasted for a whole 20 seconds, was the biggest to hit japan in 47 years. Japan is situated on the margin of the Eurasian plated, where the Philippine sea plate is being subducted below the Eurasian plate, resulting in Japan having greater than average seismic and volcanic activity. Immediately south of Osaka bay is a fault called the median tectonic line (M TL) and it was sudden movement along this fault that triggered the earthquake that hit Kobe.The movement was caused by the friction from the Eurasian and Philippine plates converging. The earthquake had a shallow focus, only 16 km below the surface, which had caused it to become so destructive. Kobe was largely affected, as the epicentre was only 30 km from the city centre. Japan is said to be the most earthquake prone country but this was proved otherwise in the Kobe earthquake. The 20 second earthquake caused the ground to move up to 50 centimetres horizontally and up to 1 meter vertically.The primary effects from the seismic waves shaking the crust were severe causing the collapse of buildings, bridges and roads. With a total of 75 000 buildings damaged or destroyed and all major road and rail way links damaged all communications from the east and west of japan were cut off. The after shocks from the earthquake caused the problems to become worse with a total of 5000 people dead, 300 000 homeless and 68 children orphaned. The earthquake also triggered a number of fires, congestion, chaos and business closures.Because of the severity of the earthquake it made it extremely difficult for emergency services to reach the worst affected parts of the city. All gas, water and telecommunications were cut off making it extremely hard for emergency crews to communicate and for fire fighters to put out the fires across the city, leaving the fire fighters to watch helplessly as Kobe burned. The earthquake caused a total of 100 billion dollars of damage with economic damage taking up 100 million dollars.Many typical Japanese insurance policies did not cover earthquakes, causing many families to loose everything. In the first few days food, blankets, medical supplies and clean water were of short supplies and the winter weather made it worse with temperatures dropping to -2. Because of the severity of the earthquake and the shortage in supplies, authorities found the disa ster difficult to cope with and the special defence forces were unable to reach the site until 4 hours after the earthquake with the original team only consisting of 170 troops.Even though the earthquake had such a large impact on all aspects of japan at the time it did not take them all to recover and get back on track with the short-term relief and rescue measures put in place they were able to get water, electricity, gas and telephone services were fully working by July and by august the railways were back in service. The port was rebuilt and the import volumes recovered fully within a year and the exports were nearly back to normal. The earthquake also caused a major decline in Japanese Stock market which then caused a domino effect on the banks but despite this damage the local economy recovered quickly.

Discuss this question. ( more likely to discuss the opinion and Essay

Discuss this question. ( more likely to discuss the opinion and knowledge no sources are needed) - Essay Example But mostly, relativistic has been widely used in understanding and interpreting different cultures or distant historical epochs. It begins with possible and even right premises such as we are historically and culturally different. This has again elicited the cultural wars witnessed in the world today. The suggestion that justification or truth is somehow relative would mostly have a dramatic impact on many fundamental issues about knowledge, intellectual progress, and objectivity. As such, relativism believes the relationship between a certain aspect as related to a certain culture, behaviors or moral principles in a given settings. Intuitively, they hardly believe in cross-cultures attitudes, behaviors or principles, and it is common for them to have lower tolerance. There are, however, ways that can be done to change this trend in the society. For instance, the integration of science which is universal across culture can dispel the attitude that certain justifications or truth are tied towards a particular culture. It would make everyone feel that what happens does so because of particular reason regardless of the culture associated with such behaviors. Through this, the premise of relativism stands to be

Analyze the way that arts and crafts become a kind of war in the story Essay

Analyze the way that arts and crafts become a kind of war in the story of Arachne (The source for this paper is Book V ofOvid. I am attaching it below) - Essay Example My aim in this paper is to study the classical tale of the legendary weaver and derive lesson from the research. To fulfill this aim, I have divided the study in to six sections. I start this study by presenting an overview or background of this classical mythological tale, followed by describing the characteristics of Minerva and Arachne. I will then move forward to elaborate the conflict that took the shape of a contest whose result left Arachne embarrassed and broken. I will try to highlight the beauty of this tale and what moral lesson one can derive from this classical description. I have tried to include some of the best artist’s work who were inspired by this tale and produced various art forms depicting the contest between Athena and Arachne and finally the consequences of the battle. I will conclude this essay by my own observation and remarks. ‘Metamorphoses’, an epic poem by Ovid; dates back to around 8 AD. It narrates a story about a mortal lady whose name was Arachne, who was an excellent weaver and out of arrogance about her craft; she proclaimed that her weaving standard was far more superior to the crafts of the goddess of the art Minerva. Minerva, who is the daughter of the supreme god Zeus ;challenges Arachne to enter in a contest to prove her superiority and she held a condition that Arachne will never spin or weave again if she loses. When the contest ends, Arachne realizes her mistake and out of embarrassment hangs herself to death by committing suicide. Athena too realizes that she never meant to bring this rival that far and brings back Arachne to life but transform her in to a spider who weaves with her hands and legs. (Ovid 129-133). Minerva or Athena is a Greek goddess of Arts, wisdom, skill and war. It is believed that she came out of her fathers head, fully grown and there are yet many different version of her birth. Many artists in history have depicted this goddess and she is often pictured as a woman with full armor who

McDonald Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

McDonald - Essay Example They can be defined as a set of specific business ideas and actions plans which can help an organization to achieve consumer satisfaction and success in the business in the long run. McDonalds is a fast food chain which is preferred by almost every age group across the world. The main source of revenue food McDonalds is sales of fast food items, such as burgers, French fries, soft drinks, milkshakes, and desserts. It has always responded to varying consumer trends and has established itself as one of the most recognized brands in the world. Analysis of McDonald’s marketing strategy shows that it has certainly focused on its target segment and has understood the demand of its consumer market very well. For this reason, the 4p’s of marketing can be applied for the evaluation of McDonald’s current marketing strategy: Product includes a company’s method of preparing and producing products which would eventually develop the understanding of every customer regarding that particular company’s product and services. McDonalds in its services and products incorporates distinctive features, which depict the physical and the non physical characteristics of the services and product. As stated by Kincheloe (2002), McDonalds have learned the etiquettes and customs of their customers and have accordingly offered them with such various menus, which are very different to those that are offered by McDonalds to the global market. For instance, in India McDonalds has completely eradicated ingredients like beef, mutton and pork from their menu and as an alternate they offer a vegetarian menu to them and also the cheese and sauce as well which are purely vegetarian. Place consists of the delivery channels and the supply chains of the business. It is imperative in McDonald’s business strategy that to have a proper place of its business so that it can offer its

Bulding and Constraction Company Research Paper

Bulding and Constraction Company - Research Paper Example Greater detail, analysis and sensitivity are prescribed when quality is the key element of project completion. This means processing controls, implementation and constant appraisal of the project phases to keep on track. Implementing total quality begins with an accurate definition of the project and its critical limitations; then it is followed by estimating task durations and resources in a work breakdown structure. Tracking progress, reporting problems and altering the plan of action, requires the application of several project management tools. If it must be noted, persistence and effort is expected in the commitment of TQM. It is thought that ‘when a plan has not been followed, the plan was a waste in the first place’ (Leavitt et al, 1994). Figure 1 and 2 present the crucial aspects required to achieve quality in project management. The first emphasizes on importance of active participation of different entities or the involvement in acquiring relevant feedback important in improving the project. The second figure shows the role of leadership and organisation culture in the process of change. Globalisation has caused changes in project structures and authority levels, becoming more equalising but requiring a broadened sectoral participation. Thus efficient project management skills are required. With the urgency to be on time and in budget, coordination is repeatedly used through the application of project management tools. It can be said that modern project management is relatively new, as it has been used widely in most sectors in the recent 1990s (Uluocak, 2009). This study applies the varying tools in Total Quality in Project Management, specifically in the second part of the vertical phased project of the Bentall Centre 5. To highlight the technical skill, the work breakdown structure and earned value

Talent Planning in Operation of Business Coursework

Talent Planning in Operation of Business - Coursework Example It will also devise an induction plan covering important areas of management, timelines, and the roles of persons involved, as well as an induction programme for the new Manager’s first three months. The Queensland University of Technology has produced a document on Developing Workplace Induction, from which the Committee has borrowed some purposes and benefits of induction. These are to provide information, resources, and motivation for new employees. Information on the company’s policies, goals, and values, are vital during an employee’s first three months. These can aid the development of self-confidence and loyalty towards the company. Resources, such as a comfortable working environment, materials, tools, and personnel to assist the new employee, would be prepared beforehand. Without those resources, the employee could not reasonably function effectively or efficiently. Persons with whom he can liaise and consult for any clarification, greatly assist the employee to develop a sense of belonging. This will motivate him to seek training and contribute to the growth of the company. As the employee becomes confident that he has joined the right company, a good rapp ort is likely to develop among himself, his supervisor, and his colleagues. They can learn from him, he can adopt the company’s culture, and so the entire organization benefits in the end. The main purpose of developing an induction plan, and involving each department, is that the document can be a guide for the new employee. Feedback from department members is therefore very important. The Plan should allow the new member to practice new skills and use the new information gained. It should, therefore, have timelines for working, training, and assessment. Long before the employee arrives, the person who will greet, welcome, introduce him to colleagues, provide the training manual, and explain basic job functions on his first day, should all be in place. During his first month, a supervisor  should maintain contact, explaining rules, expanding training, assessing performance, and providing feedback on strengths and weaknesses.  

Social work and human services Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social work and human services - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that child welfare is a social work component that demands genuine compassion and concern for children. In this regard, it can be regarded as a profession that requires passion and dedication to facilitate the attainment of set goals. As part of the coursework, the author acquired a deeper understanding of social work and human services and learned to apply theoretical and practical aspects of assimilating social work concepts. Social theory and practice have enabled me to develop a more holistic view of children, especially their psychology and needs. As a result, the author has an excellent grasp of children’s needs as well as how and why they can be met. Through his comprehension of social theory, the researcher has become inspired to use conceptual rationales to propagate social development by protecting perhaps the most valuable members of the society: children. Through discussions with current practitioners, the author has beco me well-versed in the practical demands of child welfare social work. For example, although he has always been relatively introverted, professionals in the field reliably informed me that the greatest satisfaction will come from getting out of his comfort zone and taking help to children. After interacting with current practitioners for a considerable period of time, the author learned and accepted that without traveling and actively seeking help for troubled, abused, or neglected children, his sphere of influence would be significantly reduced.

The early part of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example for Free

The early part of Romeo and Juliet Essay A playwright wants the start of their play to catch the attention of the audience and make them want to keep watching the rest of the play to find out what happens. To do this they might start with something funny and humorous to make the audience laugh, or they might create a dramatic atmosphere to keep the audience on the edge of their seat. A playwright might also make the opening scene as action packed as possible to make the audience want more. Any of these ideas would achieve the aim of involving the audience. Shakespeare begins all of his plays differently but with something to get the audience hooked on the play. The way Shakespeare starts Macbeth is mysterious and very atmospheric, with something spooky and supernatural, but rather short and so the result is that the audience are left guessing, and the only way to find out what is going on is to watch the rest of the play. However he begins the tempest with an action paced ship wreck to instantly draw the attention of the audience by exciting them and making them want more action, which is a good way of grabbing the audience and keeping them on the edge of their seats. Shakespeare begins Romeo and Juliet in another different way that will grab the audiences attention. By describing the play in a sonnet, Shakespeare captures the audience, by telling them everything that is going to happen in this play. He tells them of the fighting and action, he tells them about two families living in hatred of one another, he tells them of a pair of star crossed lovers whos love was doomed from the start, he tells them that only the lovers deaths can bring the two families together. He tells the audience the main structure of the play, but not in enough detail to make the audience think they know the play and dont need to see it, just enough to blow their mind with the complicated twists of the story, so the audience is eager to see these points. Shakespeare gives that audience a taster of each aspect of the play. A pair of star crossed lovers informs the audience of the fait and love part. Civil blood makes civil hands unclean makes the audience realise how much bloodshed there has been between the two feuding families. Ancient grudge break new mutiny speaks of the grudge being refuelled and evolving into something a lot worse than it was before. But their childrens end, nought could remove symbolises two important details, the fact that young innocent people have been dragged into the fighting and that only terrible loss that losing a child can bring will make these people realise what is happening around them and how unnecessary this violence and hatred is. Act 1 scene 1 is a good and varied way to start this play with. The variety comes from the humorous beginning; the action packed fighting in the middle of the scene and the subdued conversation taking place at the end. This scene introduces important characters such as lord and lady Montague, lord and lady Capulet, who are heads of the houses that hold the grudge. We meet Tybalt, highly placed member of the Capulet household, Benvolio, also highly placed but a member of the Montague household, we meet the prince of Verona, some servants belonging to each house, and right at the end of the scene we meet Romeo Montague himself. The servants, who are the first characters to enter the play, set the scene up, preparing it for the main characters. The servants start with a light humorous conversation with rather a lot of word play that could be taken to have a rude or vulgar meaning. Shakespeare would have wanted to satisfy every section of his audience and this type of humour would appeal to the more rowdy onlookers. His word play included words such as choler meaning angry and then shortly after he would use the word coller when the servants are referring to a noose, around the neck. This lighthearted humour creates a jokey atmosphere that livens up the audience. The servants also use word play when they are talking about what they would like to do to the house of Montague, one servant saying he would like to chop off the heads of the maids or take their maidenheads or meaning virginity. The servants deliberately use language that could have a completely innocent meaning, or have a totally rude meaning, I am a pretty piece of flesh and poor-john, which is a type of dried fish, are examples of this. They also refer to their naked weapon which could have a rude or innocent meaning. All of these quotations create and add to the humorous, light atmosphere at the beginning of the scene. Shakespeare also uses the servants to start a lot of the action and provocation in the fighting part of the scene. The servants quickly change the atmosphere from one of jokes and humour to a serious, tense atmosphere that involves the audience and prepares them for the action of the public brawl. Because of these reasons, the servants were a good, lively and funny way for Shakespeare to start the play and get the audience interested. The next two characters that Shakespeare introduces the audience to, are as different as black and white. Benvolio is a more likeable character, he is fair and calm, and will try anything to keep the peace. Tybalt is a more aggressive, fiery, hot-tempered man who will try anything to get into a fight. Benvolio is a peaceful and pleasant person and it seems ironic after his attempts to stop the fight by trying to part the servants part fools! Put up your swords; you know not what you do, that he should be one of the people that take it a step further. Tybalts powerful, slightly over the top, statement of turn thee, Benvolio, and look upon thy death show his aggression perfectly. Benvolios peacefulness and Tybalts aggression clash and create lots of the dramatic tension that the audience sense at this point in the play. Shakespeare introduces lord Montague and lord Capulet at the beginning of the play to show their importance to the rest of the story. Shakespeare portrays the two lords to the audience as two grumpy old men with a pointless grudge that they just cant get rid of, or remember how it started! They are delivered to the audience as senile men with a one-track mind, getting the better of one another. Shakespeare also wanted to inform the audience of the fact that as long as these two old men continue to act the way they do, the servants will never stop provoking each other, and the feud will go on and on. The old mens behaviour is pretty childish and quotations such as, What noise is this? Give me my long sword Thou villain Capulet! Hold me not Prove that the lords will run into a fight with each other without a second thought. The princes character is a total contrast to any other character that has entered the scene so far. Whereas the servants, Tybalt and the lords were all out of control and pretty irrational, the prince is in control of the situation from the moment he enters the stage to the moment he leaves. He has controlling authority over every other person in the scene. When the prince says his speech he is forceful and rational, although still angry, and uses words instead of actions to get the attention of the brawling citizens, such as rebellious subjects, enemies to peace The princes brief appearance in the play has a great impact on the rest of the play, dictating the future of anyone who disobeys his orders, and as no one else in the play is of higher authority, this is of great importance The type of language that the prince uses in his speech is a lot more developed than the language the other characters have previously used in the play. His language is descriptive and reflects the image that the audience might get of the prince, civilised and sophisticated. The prince uses imagery to describe certain aspects of the two families behaviour and the consequences that follow, as he poetically describes the amount the blood loss between the families as purple fountains issuing from your veins You men, you beasts that quench the fire of your pernicious rage is far more civilised than the prince trying to attract the attention of the fighting citizens by saying Oi! Listen to me! For these reasons everything about the way the prince comes across to the audience is a fresh contrast to the other people on the stage. The prince is like a linking paragraph in the play that brings down the high excitement, and acts as a turning point, to focus the audiences attention on another part of the play that follows the princes departure, which is our introduction to Romeo. When Lord and Lady Montague are talking to Benvolio, they give us an idea about Romeos character. The way they talk and express their concerns about him, leads the audience to believe that Romeo is not acting as he normally would. His father, lord Montague, talks of Romeos strange behaviour. Shuts up his windows, locks fair daylight out, and makes himself an artificial night And of other strange behaviour such as Tears augmenting with the fresh mornings dew, adding to clouds more clouds with his deep sighs Benvolio also talks of Romeos strange twighlight wanderings and tells Romeos worried parents Towards him I made, but he was aware of me, and stole into the covert of the wood Benvolio and Lord and Lady Montague all speak of wanting the old, fun seeking, life loving, bouncy, and cheery Romeo back, instead of this strange moody version that has replaced the original Romeo. In the final part of the scene the audience gets to meet Romeo himself. In the conversation between Romeo and Benvolio, the audience finds out about Romeos idea of what it is like to be in love. The audience finds out why Lord and Lady Montague are worried about their son. Because Romeo thinks he is in love, and in Romeos opinion, being in love means that you are moody and miserable every second of the day that you do not spend with the person you are in love with. Unfortunately for everyone who knows Romeo, the person he thinks he is in love with does not love him back. This means that Romeo is hiding behind his idea of love, and he knows this, using fancy language that a normal person would not normally use to explain to his cousin how he feels. Shell not be hit by cupids arrow And the fact that in strong proof of chastity well armed from lovers weak childish bow she lives uncharmd Meaning that the woman Romeo thinks he loves has sworn to live without the love of a man, means that Romeos fake sorrow that he has because he thinks he is in love is made worse because of the way she has sworn to live her life. The audience also find out about Romeos views on this woman When she dies a total waste of this with beauty dies beautiful woman her store He thinks that when this woman is so beautiful that to live in chastity would be a waste of her beauty, as she could never pass this beauty on through her children. Shakespeare chooses to make Romeo speak in a poetic, dramatic way that would make anyone depressed, and expresses that Romeo is feeling depressed and moody. The oxymorons that Shakespeare gives him show that Romeo is mixed up. No one understands the idea of love, saying, O heavy lightness, serious vanity, but Romeo speaks so many that he goes over the top with his mixed-up, confused side, which shows that Romeo doesnt really feel the feelings he is showing. Romeo walks into a scene that has just seen such hatred and destruction that Romeo feels so out of place, when all he feels is love. He also talks of love as an illness, Bid a sick man in sadness make his will. Ah, word ill urgd to one that is so ill! and uses classical language making references to Cupid and the goddess of love, Diana, which are both connected to love and show that Romeo is educated and from a rich family. The two different versions of Romeo and Juliet, Act 1 scene 1 directed by Franco Zefferelli in 1968 and Baz Luhrmans idea are two completely different films! Franco Zefferelli chose to portray the story in Shakespeares time and he kept an authentic feel to the story, starting with a birds eye view of a dulled, misty city with traditional, classical music that first gives the idea of traditional settings. A deep, soothing male voice speaks the sonnet at the beginning of the film, as a body-less over voice. The idea of the middle-aged male reciting the sonnet is maybe to suggest that Shakespeare himself is the speaker and this makes the film seem a lot more professional. In contrast to the traditional setting of the Zefferelli version, the Baz Luhrman version of the love story starts with the sonnet being read by a softly spoken female reporter as the camera zooms in on the TV screen. As soon as the reporter finishes speaking, fast camera shots of a modern, hi-tech city are relayed on screen showing statues and the names Montague and Capulet in lights. At the same time, a new voice, this one male, starts to recite the sonnet again over loud, booming and dramatic music. Several important words, picked out from the sonnet, flash across the screen to create an impact and attitude that is carried on throughout the rest of the film. All of these effects make the opening minutes of the film, before we even meet any of the characters, dramatic and unforgettably gripping, a stark contrast to Franco Zefferellis quiet, atmospheric version. However, both versions are equally successful in capturing the audiences attention. Zefferelli then goes on to show an old fashioned traditional castle. As the camera swoops over it down to an old market square showing a typical Italian scene, soft, calm music is replaced by the loud hustle and bustle of the market. He introduces the servants from the Montague side, dressed in smart brightly coloured uniforms to show unity and pride for the Montague household. On the other hand, Luhrman introduces his Montague side rather differently. He goes straight to a camera shot of the back of an open top car. The servants are wearing brightly coloured casual open shirts, leaning out of the car showing little regard for their employer, the Montague family. Zefferelli starts the fray between the two houses almost immediately. The Capulet servants, dressed smartly but in a contrasting colour to the Montagues, laugh as the squabbling continues. This shows the light-heartedness of the present situation. Luhrman also distinguishes the two households servants by the way they dress. The Montagues brightly coloured and casual, the Capulets smart and crisply dressed in black, looking serious and very menacing. Unlike the light heartedness shown in Zefferellis film, Luhrman expresses a threatening, menacing and dangerous atmosphere when the two houses have their argument in the petrol station. This is also a completely different setting to the courtyard market. When Zefferelli introduces Benvolio and Tybalt, Benvolio makes himself heard over the crowd, and stumbles into the scene. Tybalt struts through the parting crowd, keeping aggressive eye contact with anyone who looks his way. Tybalts clothes are also very impressive, all black, loose, relaxed and casual. Benvolios clothes are tight and pristine, and his body language reflects the same tense, nervous atmosphere around him. Benvolio uses a very small timid voice when he confronts Tybalt, who uses a deep, strong voice. Luhrman introduces Benvolio and Tybalt, again, in a different way. Two feet dressed in smart black boots step out of a car, and the crunch as one of the metal covered heels steps onto a cigarette is emphasised to build up tension and atmosphere. This is our first view of Tybalt. Luhrman would have introduced him in this way to keep the air of mystery, and to keep viewers wondering who this person is. Then we have the confusing, fast slung, and shouted words of insult by the servants of each house, before Benvolio comes back from the toilet. Benvolios loud emphasis on words as he tries to part the brawling servants soon dies away as Tybalt as struts into the conflict, and as Benvolio suddenly quietly speaks his words of peace, nervousness comes through.

Teaching English With Pictures

Teaching English With Pictures TEACHING ENGLISH VOCABULARY USING PICTURES TO THE SIXTH GRADE STUDENTS (A Pre-Experimental Research to the Sixth Grade Students) ABSTRACT Vocabulary is an important component in teaching English and in teaching vocabulary, teacher needs to use technique or media in order to help students to have good understanding on new words being learned. The teacher can use media, such as pictures because pictures can be used to help students become familiar with new vocabulary in an enjoyable way and pictures can motivate the students in learning vocabulary. The main objective of this study is to find out whether or not pictures can improve the students in vocabulary mastery. The research method used is experiment method or more specifically the pre-experimental design with one group pretest and posttest design. The sample is one class consisting of 39 students. Based on the data analysis, the result shows that the tobs was higher than t-table (13.197 > 1.686), so the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It means that there was significant difference between the mean of students pretest score and the mean of posttest score. It indicates that teaching English vocabulary using pictures was effective in improving the students vocabulary mastery. Introduction English has become more important language in the world. This is because people need a universal language to communicate with other people from other countries. People who are able to speak or communicate in English will be easy to get more knowledge or informations. According to Mc Arthur (1992:571 in Kaswan 2010:8), language refers to â€Å"a human system of communication which uses structured vocal sounds and can be embodied in other media such as writing, print and physical signs.† In addition, language is a systematic means of comunicating ideas or feelings by the use of conventionalized signs, sounds, gestures, or marks having understood meanings (Webster’s 1961:1270 in Brown 1980:5). In order to make a good communication in English, we must have a good foundation in vocabulary and grammar. because they interact with each other to convey an idea. English as a foreign language is taught at the early age. In Indonesia English has been introduced in kindergarten and elementary school. While in junior high school and senior high school, it is a compulsory subject. Thornbury (2002:13) states that without grammar very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed. It means if we spend most of our time studying grammar, we can say very little with grammar. But if we learn more words and expressions, we can say almost anything with words. According to Linse and Nunan (2005:121) vocabulary is the collection of words that an individual knows. Meanwhile, Hiebert and Kamil (2005:3) states â€Å"vocabulary is the knowledge of meanings of words. Learning vocabulary is important as a part of learning English or other foreign languages since learners learn vocabulary first before they master more complex structure†. Vocabulary is one of the most important element in the language, without vocabulary we cannot communicative effectively, according to Allen and Valette (1977: 149) â€Å"Vocabulary is an important factor in all language teaching. Students must continually be learning words as they learn structures and as they practice the sound system.† It also means that teaching in speaking, writing, reading, and listening cannot be separated from teaching vocabulary. In teaching vocabulary, teachers needs to used technique in order to help students have good understanding on new words being learned. In line with this Nation (1990:51) in Cameron (2001:85) lists some basic techniques by which teachers can explain the meanings of new words, all of which can be used in the young learners classroom. They are by using demonstration or pictures (using object, a cut-out figure, gesture, performing an action, photographs, drawings or diagrams on the board, and pictures from books). Based on Allen (1983:12) there are three ways to show the meanings of vocabulary words: Pictures Explanations in the students own language. Definitions in simple English, using vocabulary that the students already know. Furthermore, Cameron (2001: 84) states â€Å"Vocabulary needs to be met. In different activities, with new knowledge and new connections developed each time the same words are met again. Nation (1990) in Cameron (2001: 84) suggests that a new word needs to be met at least five or six times in a text book unit before it has any chance of being learn. Teaching English vocabulary using pictures is a kind of technique for students in memorizing their vocabularies easily and fast. Pictures can be used as media in teaching and learning process, especially in teaching English vocabulary. According to Allen (1983:24) â€Å"Picture helping students understand the meaning of a word†. Pictures which have been cut out of magazines and newspapers are also useful. The use of picture in teaching vocabulary is a fun activity bacause pictures can motivate for the students to learn vocabulary. Based on Thornbury (2002:80) the use of pictures or objects for teaching vocabulary can be used to present new vocabulary items, but they can be used to practice them. It also means they can explore their abilities to increase their vocabularies. Pictures can make the material is easy to understand and to help the students memorize the word easily especially by the children. The used of pictures also simple and easy to use, can makes learning more fun and the students are not bored in learning. Regarding this, Wright (1989:136) adds â€Å"Pictures can be motivated the students, made the subjects they are dealing with clear, and illustrated the general idea, and forms an object or action†. It means pictures are important to help motivated the students in learning English vocabulary and memorizing the meanings. Research Question and Hypothesis There are research question and hypothesis of the research: Research Question Teaching English vocabulary to the students will not be an easy work to do. This study seek the problem that are formulated in the following question: â€Å"Is pictures effective to improve students’ vocabulary mastery?†. Hypothesis In this research, the writer has formulated the hypothesis as follow: â€Å"Teaching English vocabulary using pictures can improve the students’ vocabulary mastery†. Objectives of the Research The study discussed the way of the teacher taught English vocabulary to the students. The writer has formulated an objective as follows: â€Å"To find out whether or not pictures can improve the students’ vocabulary mastery.† Research Methodology Research Design In this research the writer used pre-experiments with one group pretest-posttest design. According to Fraenkel. et al. ( in Kaswan and Suprijadi 2013:34) experimental research refers to research in which at least one independent variable is manipulated, other relevant variable are controlled, and the effect on one or more dependent variables is observed. The method used in this research was pre-experimental studies. Pre-experimental is a research procedure that has no control group. The observation that is done before the experiment is called pre-test and observation after the experiment is called post-test. The form of pre-experimental study that the researcher applies can be seen below (Ary et al, 2010:303). Figure 1 Pre-experimental Design Notes: 1. Apply Y1 is pre-test that is given before the teaching or the treatment. 2. Apply X, is considered as treatment given. 3. Apply Y2 is post-test that is given after having treatment. 2. Research Method In the research the writer used quantitative method. According to Kaswan and Suprijadi (2013: 13) â€Å"Quantitative research is a deductive theory-based research process that focuses primarily on testing theories and specific research hypotheses that consider finding differences and relationship using numeric data and statistical methods to make specific conclusions about phenomena†. Population and Sample Population According to Singh (2007: 88) population is a group of individuals, objects, or items from among which samples are taken for measurement. So, population is a complete set of all those things, people, numbers societies, or other that can be used in taking data sources in the research. In this case the population of the research was the sixth grade students of MI Cireundeu in academic year 2014/2015. There were 39 students as the population. Sample The writer chose the entire population as the sample. According to Webster (in Singh 2007: 88) a sample can be defined as a finite part of a statistical population whose properties are used to make estimates about population as a whole. It can be defined a set of target respondents selected from a larger population for the purpose of a survey. In addition, Tavakoli (2012: 471) defines, a sample is the smaller group which is a portion of a population. In collecting the data, the writer used pretest and posttest. The pretest was administered to know the students’ vocabulary before given the treatment. The posttest was given at the end of program to find out the difference of students achievement in vocabulary mastery after the treatment using pictures was given. To collect the data, the writer decided an achievement test that has been developed based on the material. The writer used a test that consisted of fill-in-the-blank and arrange the jumbled letters. The test consisted of 10 items and time provided to do the test was 30 minutes. Result and Discussion The Result In this research the writer used one group to collect the data. The writer gave pretest to the students to identify the students’ ability in vocabulary mastery, before giving the posttest, the writer gave treatment to the students. During the treatment, the writer taught about vocabulary using pictures. Then, the writer gave a posttest to the students to find out the students’ ability after getting treatment. The result of pretest and posttest can be seen below. Table 1 The result of pretest and posttest No Pretest Posttest D 1 70 90 20 400 2 60 70 10 100 3 65 70 5 25 4 80 100 20 400 5 80 100 20 400 6 85 100 15 225 7 70 80 10 100 8 80 100 20 400 9 75 85 10 100 10 65 80 15 225 11 60 65 5 25 12 70 85 15 225 13 60 65 5 25 14 60 80 20 400 15 65 70 5 25 16 50 65 15 225 17 60 75 15 225 18 75 85 10 100 19 50 65 15 225 20 75 80 5 25 21 65 75 10 100 22 75 100 25 625 23 70 85 15 225 24 70 80 10 100 25 70 85 15 225 26 45 60 15 225 27 70 80 10 100 28 60 70 10 100 29 60 70 10 100 30 75 75 0 0 31 70 80 10 100 32 55 60 5 25 33 80 95 15 225 34 75 85 10 100 35 65 70 5 25 36 75 85 10 100 37 65 70 5 25 38 65 80 15 225 39 40 60 20 400 SUM 2605 3075 470 6900 MEAN ( 66,4 78,4 Result of the Research by Using SPSS 17 To find out whether the data normal or not, the writer used SPSS program. This program was used for testing the assumption of normality of the data. The result of normality test can be seen below. Table 2 Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Statistic Df Sig. Pretest .138 39 .058 .951 39 .087 Posttest .132 39 .087 .935 39 .026 Based on the table above, the data was normal. It can be seen on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov column to know whether the data was normal or not. The significance of pretest was .058 and the significance of posttest was .087. It means the data was normal because the significance result of pretest and posttest were higher than .005. After the writer found that the data was normal, the writer continued with calculating the t-test. This test was used to determine whether or not there was a significant difference between teaching vocabularies using pictures to elementary school students before and after treatment. It can be seen as follow: Table 3 Paired Samples Statistics Mean N Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Pair 1 pretest 66.7949 39 10.03200 1.60641 posttest 78.8462 39 11.83558 1.89521 According to Kaswan and Suprijadi (2013:189) â€Å"standard deviation is the most widely used measure of variability of a set of data in inferential statistical procedures†. Based on the table above, Standard deviation of pretest was 10,03 and standard deviation of posttest was 11,83. Table 4 Paired Samples Test Paired Differences T Df Sig. (2-tailed) Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Pair 1 pretest – posttest -12.05128 5.70295 .91320 -13.89996 -10.20260 -13.197 38 .000 After the writer calculated the data by using SPSS program, from the result of statistic calculation the data above, t observed is 13.197 the level significance = 0.05 and the degree of freedom (df) = 38. So t-table with the level significance = 0.05 and the degree of freedom (df) = 38, the writer found the t-table was 1.686. Because tobs was 13.197 and t-table was 1.686. It means that, tobs was higher than t-table 13.197 > 1.686. The writer conclude that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. . It means that there is a significant improvement of students vocabulary mastery after giving treatment of pictures. In other words, teaching English using pictures to the sixth grade students of MI Cireundeu was efective to improve the students’ vocabulary mastery . Discussion In this research, the writer applied the significance of 0.05 with degree of freedom (df) = N-1 (39 – 1 = 38) 1.686. As the result, t-test (13.197) was bigger than t-table (1.686). The writer concluded that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and null hypothesis was rejected. Based on the research findings, it indicated that the achievements of the students were influenced significantly by the process of teaching and learning using pictures technique in teaching vocabulary, which had a positive effect to the students achievement. The previous studies of the research by using pictures can help the students to recognize the English vocabulary. Elsy (2013) in her research explained that the used of pictures can increase students’ vocabulary mastery. The second research conducted by Sholihah (2009). According to her research the positive effects of using pictures in teaching English vocabulary, were: pictures could improve the students’ motivation, pictures could attract the students attention, pictures help the students to memorize the vocabulary, and pictures make the teaching and learning activities interesting. Conclusions and Suggestions Conclusions Based on the research findings and discussions, the writer can conclude them as follow: The mean scores of pretest who were not taught with pictures as a media was 66,4 and the mean students scores of posttest was 78,4. The standard deviation of the pretest was 10,03 and standard deviation of posttest was 11,83. In order to know whether the difference between the two means was significant or not, t-test was applied. The result of computation was 13.197. So t-table with the level significance (É‘) = 0.05 and the degree of freedom (df) = 38, found that the t-table was 1.686. This research. showed that tobs was higher than t-table (13.197>1.686), so the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted. It meant that there was significant difference between the mean of students’ pretest score and the mean of posttest score. It indicated that teaching English vocabulary using pictures was effective in improving the students vocabulary mastery. Suggestions The result finding showed that teaching English vocabulary using pictures can improve the students vocabulary mastery and based on the conclusions above, some suggestions are proposed as follow: The students’ achievement in learning vocabularies by using pictures was increase than without pictures. So, it is wise for teachers to use pictures in teaching vocabularies as teaching media for the students. Teacher should select pictures which are appropriate and familiar with the students’ the pictures should be interesting. The teacher needs to provide pictures in larger size and clearly, in order to attract students attention about the materials given. In addition, the larger size and clear pictures can make the students easy to look what the teachers showing. The teacher should be able to increase the students motivation in teaching-learning English, especially in teaching vocabularies. REFERENCES Allen, D. E. Vallete, R. M. (1977). Classroom technique : Foreign languange and English as a second language. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, inc. Allen, F. V. (1983). Techniques in teaching vocabulary. New York: Oxford University Press. Ary, D. Jacobs, C. L., Sorensen, K. C. (2010). Introduction to research in education. Canada: Cengage Learning. Cameron, L. (2001). Teaching language to young learners. USA: Cambridge University Press. Brown, H. D. (1980). Principles of language learning and teaching. United State of America: Prentice-Hall, inc. Englewood Cliffs. New Jersey 07632. Elsy, Y. (2013). Research article: Teaching vocabulary by using picture to the third grade students. Pontianak: Universitas Tanjungpura Press. Hiebert, H. E. Kamil, L. M. (2005). Teaching and learning vocabulary : Bringing research to practice. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Kaswan, et al. (2014). Metode dan teknik penulisan karya ilmiah (Usulan penelitian dan proceedings). Cimahi : STKIP Siliwangi Press. Kaswan Suprijadi, D. (2013). Research in English language education. Bandung: STKIP Siliwangi Press. Linse, T. C. Nunan, D. (2005). Practical English language teaching: young learners. USA: McGraw-Hill Companies. Mintarsih, M. (2014). Teaching speaking using pictures to the third grade of SDN Cibeber Mandiri 1. Unpublished Paper. Cimahi: STKIP Siliwangi Press. Singh, K. (2007). Quantitative social research methods. New Delhi: Sage Publications Pvt Ltd. Sholihah, H. (2009). Teaching English vocabulary using pictures to the fifth grade students of SDN Tugu Jebres No.120 Surakarta. Semarang: Universitas Sebelas Maret. Tavakoli, H. (2012). A dictionary of research methodology and statistics in applied linguistics. Tehran: Rahnama Press. Thornbury, S. (2002). How to teach vocabulary. Edinburgh gate: Longman. Wright, A. (1989). Pictures for language learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Influences of Colour on Perception

Influences of Colour on Perception Introduction The great mystery of colour has mesmerised humanity since time immemorial. For every second of the day we are enveloped by a seemingly infinite range of hues which oscillate through morning, noon and night. This incessant interaction with colour has manifested itself in some of the finest examples of artistic expression, such as Wordsworth’s ‘Daffodils’ and Van Gough’s ‘Sunflowers.’ From the cave paintings of pre-history to the conspicuous advertising hoardings of the modern era; all of the great civilisations have been infatuated by colour. In recent years both academics and functionaries within the commercial domain have become increasingly interested in how human beings are influenced by colours. Much advancement has been made in the fields of colour psychology and colour marketing. It would certainly appear that colour has a profound effect upon the human psyche. As Diane Ackerman has noted ‘Colour doesn’t occur in the world but in the mind.’[1] Colour and Perception According to the Oxford Dictionary colour is defined as ‘the sensation produced on the eye by rays of light when resolved as by a prism, selective reflection, etc., into different wavelengths.’[2] It was Sir Isaac Newton who discovered this phenomenon by focusing a ray of white light upon a prism and creating a spectrum. His findings are illustrated in his 1704 work entitled ‘The Opticks.’ Each colour has a unique frequency and wavelength, and all comprise the segment of the electromagnetic spectrum which is visible to the human eye. Specific objects both reflect and absorb particular wavelengths of radiation. The reason that plants appear to be ‘green’ is because they absorb all colours in the electromagnetic spectrum with the exception of green.[3] The green light is reflected by the plant and can consequently be detected by the human eye. All ‘coloured’ objects surrounding us are in fact reflecting ‘their’ colour towards us. The complex process of colour identification and differentiation is initiated by the ‘cone’ cells of the retina which can detect blue, red and green light.[4] This information is then transmitted to the optic nerve and onwards to the brain. Some scientists insist that blue, red and green are the true primary colours and that all colours are merely combinations of the three. However, many dispute this and argue that yellow is a primary colour. Aristotle and Goethe classified yellow as a primary colour and noted how it is the first to materialise from white light.[5] The ‘pure’ quality of yellow is evident and it exhibits the highest reflectivity of all the colours.[6] Yellow is also a ‘warm’ colour of long wavelength and the retina must enlarge convexly in order to focus objects of this hue. A bright yellow banana will seem larger and closer to the spectator than an object reflecting a cool shade of blue or green from equal distance.[6] Yellow is truly a highly prominent component of the electromagnetic spectrum. The puissance of this colour is evident in its outstanding ability to attract the eye and it is commonly deployed for promotional purposes in the commercial sector. As E P Danger has stated it is an ‘excellent attention getter.’[7] Yellow is synonymous with the warmth, energy and vitality of the sun, and the theme of ‘hope’ is evoked as it represented the first light of dawn to peoples of pre-history.[8] It is the hue of science, expansion, alacrity and swift decision making.[9] The emotional impact of yellow was observed by Diane Ackerman whilst observing a brilliant piece of yellow sulphur. She described an overwhelming ‘rush’ of pleasure and excitement.1[0] June McLeod noticed that ‘we can sometimes lose our identity and focus with too much yellow.1[1] Students of colour psychology are familiar with the link between this colour and the emotional chakrah of the solar plexus.1[2] Particular shades of yellow can have a detrimental impact upon the viewer. Negative concepts of disease, jaundice and decay have so often been associated with it. The notorious ‘yellow-press’ and yellow of the coward conjure up less palatable images.1[3] These factors, which have been ingrained into the collective consciousness of the human race, must be carefully considered and borne in mind by those wishing to utilise the colour yellow for academic and commercial purposes. The Use of Yellow Paper for Academic Purposes The increased use of dyes in the paper production process of the late eighteenth century, and subsequent developments in the industry, have provided the medium of coloured paper.1[4] On a rudimentary level, coloured paper may be deployed by academic institutions for classification purposes. The Scottish Examination Board issue a different colour of exam paper for each respective subject. E P Danger has stated that yellow is ‘one of the best of all colours for paper because of its high visibility.’1[5] He also notes how ‘it is said to stimulate the intellect and for that reason is often used in libraries.’1[6] Librarians often choose to index by affixing yellow tags on the spine of books. This allows prompt recognition for those searching for a specific text. Card index files and ‘post-it notes’ are also frequently provided in this colour. Strong shades of yellow can prove effective for presentational purposes in both the lecture theatre and the classroom. The subliminal effects of yellow paper can clearly have a positive effect on those engaged within the realms of academia. June McLeod recognises yellow as the colour of ‘mental energy’ and highlights how typing or writing on to yellow paper will keep you alert and focused on the job at hand.’1[7] Dee and Taylor have decreed that yellow is the colour of ‘those who must concentrate.’1[8] Yellow paper is also less stark than white paper and thus more conducive to study. Much research has been conducted using ‘colour cards.’ It has been discovered that humans ‘sense’ colour through the skin. Suzy Chiazzari has explained how ‘many blind people can differentiate colours by passing their fingers or hands over an object.’1[9] Yellow paper can be readily deployed by academics and colour therapists alike in order to harness the properties of this specific colour. Yellow Paper and Advertising The vibrant world of advertising and marketing draws considerably upon the profound qualities of the colour yellow. The prominent hue of the ‘Yellow Pages’ directory is instantly discernable, internationally recognised, and affords prompt access to a vast array of service providers. The presentation of black type upon yellow pages focuses the mind excellently and provides high visibility.2[0] The reader may deploy ‘skimming’ skills and be less likely to overlook the desired information. Many phone directories and publications have now emulated the success of the ‘Yellow Pages’ when exhibiting classfied sections. Yellow paper is commonly the medium of flyers, which are distributed freely in urban areas, and for posters in public places. It can swiftly transmit a specific message to the target audience. The importance of colour in advertising is of paramount importance and can transmit powerful messages via company logo, stationery, packaging and design.2[1] Yellow is favoured by the travel and leisure industries with its promise of sunshine. The cover of the current Tropical Locations travel brochure is a dazzling shade of rich yellow. Low budget travel operators and airlines make liberal use of yellow in their advertising campaigns as they strive to coax potential clients with notions of instant Mediterranean climes. The ‘holiday’ concept has been masterfully exploited by the Kodak photographic company for many years now and ‘Kodak yellow’ has become almost synonymous with sun, sea and sand. Food promotion shares a close relationship with yellow in most cultures2[2] as the colour has an appetising effect upon consumers.2[3] Products such as cheese and butter are usually marketed and packaged in this hue. The recent Cadbury’s Twirl product was successfully promoted with yellow lettering emblazoned upon a violet background. This is interesting as violet is the complimentary colour to yellow on the Colour Wheel.2[4] Products which are promoted using yellow frequently utilise shades of blue and violet to harmonise visual appeal. A rich yellow implies a strong taste and more golden shades represent quality. The world famous MacDonald’s logo with its large yellow ‘arches’ embodies the concept of ‘fast food.’ Yellow paper is used for the labelling and promotion of soft drinks. A paler shade signifies a lemon or milder taste.2[5] However, the use of a stronger yellow to promote Lucozade epitomises the concept of ‘energy’ excellently. Alcoholic beverages such as Tennents Lager and Boddington’s Ale utilise yellow for marketing purposes. This is extremely effective as it symbolises the very appearance of the product. Cardboard packaging and place mats may be eye-catching, but also serve to kindle images of the drink in the mind, as well as whet consumer appetite. Products targeted at younger people are generally advertised using yellow. It has been discovered that children like yellow and teenagers respond positively to the colour.2[6] Children’s wear and cosmetics are often advertised using yellow. This colour is associated with newness, youth and optimism.2[6] This may be why the ‘Job Centre’ in the United Kingdom has recently been conducting its employment campaign in the colours of yellow and green, which combined, are symbolic of spring-time and new beginnings. Conclusion Danger has emphasised that colour ‘motivates people in a way that is largely subconscious’ and that it is extremely difficult to discern ‘where physical, visual processes end and mental processes begin.’2[7] Ackerman has also commented that ‘scientists have known for many years that certain colours trigger an emotional response in people.’[28] The development of the ‘Colour Effects System’ since the 1970s highlights that there is a definite correlation between colour and human response to colour. It is generally accepted that yellow provides the most powerful psychological stimulus. It is for this reason that it has been utilised by academics and advertisers for a wide variety of purposes. When one considers the high incidence of yellow paper within academic institutions and the commercial sector it clearly has a profound influence. The overwhelming amount of logos, promotional literature and products which have harnessed the colour is truly astounding. It is even more intriguing that we are often not even consciously aware of its potent subliminal messages. The mysterious appeal of the colour yellow ensures that yellow paper shall continue to be produced and utilised for academic and promotional purposes for many years to come. Bibliography ACKERMAN, D. A Natural History of the Senses, Phoenix, 2000  Pages: 252-256 CHIAZZARI, S. The Complete Book of Colour, Element, 1998  Pages: 12-18 DANGER, E P. The Colour Handbook, How to use colour in commerce and industry, Gower Technical Press, 1987.  Pages: 54, 56, 60, 61, 329, 378, 572, 573, 575-577, 580, 582, 585, 586. DEE, J. TAYLOR, L. Colour Therapy, The symbolism, use and healing effects of colour, Silverdale, 2002.  Pages: 8, 59 GREGORY, R L. Eye and Brain, The psychology of seeing, Oxford University Press, fifth edition, 1998.  Pages 124-126 JONES, M. JONES, G. MARCHINGTON, P. Physics, Cambridge University Press, Second Edition, 1997.  Pages: 138-140 MCLEOD, J. Colours of the Soul, Piatkus, 2000  Pages: 131, 132, 136, 145-158. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF PAPER MERCHANTS. EDUCATION COMMITTEE, Paper, its making, merchanting and usage, Longman, third edition, 1974.  Pages 5, 7. WRIGHT, A. The Beginners Guide to Colour Psychology, Kyle Cathie Limited, 1998.  Pages: 17, 21, 27, 81, 149, 150, 154. The Concise Oxford Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 1990.  Page: 223 Footnotes [1] D Ackerman, A Natural History of the Senses, Phoenix, 2000) 254 [2] The Concise Oxford Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 1990) 223 [3] M Jones, G Jones, P Marchington, Physics, Cambridge University Press, 1997) 139 [4] M Jones, G Jones, P Marchington) 140 [5] A Wright, The Beginner’s Guide to colour Psychology, Kyle Cathie, 1998) 17 [6] J Dee, L Taylor , Colour Therapy: The Symbolism, Use and Healing Effects of colour, Silverdale) 2002 [6] EP Danger, The Colour Handbook: How to Use Colour in Commerce and Industry, Gower, 1987) 56 [7] EP Danger) 573 [8] EP Danger) 586 [9] J Dee, L Taylor) 59 [0] 10 D Ackerman) 254 [1] 1 J McLeod, Colours of the Soul, Piatkus, 2000) 136 [2] 12 A Wright) 27 [3] 13 E P Danger) 585 [4] 14 National Association of Paper Merchants, Paper, its making, merchanting and usage, Longman, 1974) 5 [5] 15 E P Danger) 585 [6] 16 E P Danger) 572 [7] 17 J McLeod) 136 [8] 18 J Dee, L Taylor) 59 [9] 19 S Chiazzari, The Complete Book of Colour, Element books Limited, 1998) 15 [0] 20 E P Danger) 582 [1] 21 J McLeod) 131 [2] 2 E P Danger) 575 [3] 23 E P Danger) 329 [4] 24 A Wright) 149 [5] 25 E P Danger) 576 [6] 26 E P Danger) 573 [6] 26 A Wright) 150 [7] 27 E P Danger) 56 [28] D Ackerman) 254

Anorexia Essay -- essays research papers

INTRODUCTION Anorexia Nervosa is a mental condition which affects one’s both physical and mental health. It is a condition that causes one to have a distorted self-image and forces themselves to starve even if their body weight is already dangerously low. They often restrict their food intake to the point where they are extremely thin. Anorexia is found to occur most often in women, especially those who are aged 15 to 35. There have been cases reported as early as the age of 7 and as late as the age of 80. Researchers believe that about 5 to 10 percent of women overall have a distorted body image but approximately 1 to 2 percent of those women suffer from anorexia nervosa. Often at times anorexia can begin during the early teen years. Over 90 percent of the victims of anorexia are found to be women but yet many cases go unnoticed or unreported. The definition of one who is anorexic is that they are approximately about 15 percent underweight for their age and height, yet still refuses to gain the weight required to be at the minimal standard. They have an intense fear of gaining weight and often starve themselves to the point where there are not receiving the proper nutrients and intake required for a healthy diet. Often anorexics restrict themselves to fewer than 1000 calories per day and may even go as low as 100 calories a day. CAUSES   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anorexia Nervosa has often been associated with both being a physical and mental disease. The number one ca...

Hamlet - Revenge A Chain Reaction :: essays research papers

Hamlet Revenge: A Chain Reaction     In the play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the theme of revenge is repeated numerous times throughout the play and involves a great deal of characters. Of these characters, eight are dead by the end of the play by result of murder which was initiated through revenge. Shakespeare uses the revenge theme to create conflict among many characters.     Shakespeare uses the revenge theme to create conflict between Hamlet and Claudius. In Act I, scene 5, Hamlet is visited by the ghost who was his father. The ghost makes Hamlet aware of his murderous death when he tells Hamlet of how Claudius had killed him. The ghost says this to Hamlet regarding Claudius, "Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder." This is where Hamlet is first inrtoduced to the revenge plot between himself and Claudius. Hamlet wants to insure that the ghost really was his dead father before he kills Claudius. To do this Hamlet has people act out the death of his father in front of Claudius and declares him guilty by his reaction to the play. " O good Horatio, I'll take the ghost's word for a thousand pound." Hamlet declares Claudius' guilt to Horatio and now realizes that he must continue on with his revenge plot. The conflict between Hamlet and Claudius is delayed by Hamlet but does eventually occur in the last scene. Hamlet's mother has just died, Hamlet has been sliced by Laertes' poison sword, and Hamlet has just struck Laertes with a fatal blow when Laertes says that this was all brought on by Claudius. Hamlet, now realizing that there is no more time for him to delay his revenge, stabs Claudus and kills him. Revenge was the motive for the conflict between Hamlet and Claudius.     Shakespeare uses the revenge plot to create conflict between Laertes and Hamlet by having Laertes avenge his father's and sister's death which Hamlet is responsible for. After learning of his fathers unnatural death, Hamlet decides that he can no longer trust anyone, except for Horatio. While acting out his madness, he visited Ophelia and cut off his ties with her because of his distrust for everyone. In Act III, when Hamlet talks with his mother, he notices that he is being spied upon. Thinking that it is the king, Hamlet mistakingly kills Polonius who was hiding behind a big rug, which for some medeval reason, was hung on the wall. It is believed Ophelia herself went mad because of Hamlet's rude and violent treatment of her and also because Hamlet killed her father. In Act IV Ophelia's madness drives her to walk into the

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| | | | | Remarks| 21st May| – | 1:00AM 9:00AM2:00PM – 3:00PM5:00PM7:00PM8:00PM| LCCT Incheon Int. Airport, Korea Gimpo Domestic Airport ( ), – Jeju Island ( ) – Jeju Island ( )Check in Goodstay December Hotel – Map from Airport(Address : 260-58, Yeon-dong, Jeju-si, Jeju International Airport / Jeju City, Jeju-do, South Korea)Dinner – Black pork Yeondong (shopping)| – Walk from Incheon Int. Airport to abt 3 mins – Train Subway towards 32 mins, 5 stops) – Walk to GMP abt 5 mins- Walk to the opposite of main entrance to take cab to hotel(passby underpass)| *Buy water in mart after check-in. *Long transit time: Get the map of Seoul, Subway, Jeju and Busan. *Familiar the Incheon Airport Departure hall and tax refund office. *Lotte Mart*Ask information centre where to take cab*Request for rental of taxi for the next 2 days| 22nd May| | 7:00AM8:00AM9:00AM10:00AM1:00PM2:00PM| SeongsanIlchubong/Sunrise Peak ( ) â⠂¬â€œ Go before sunriseBreakfast 1. Miniature Park (Jeju Soingook Theme Park (1878, Jungsanganseo-ro, Andeok-myeon, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do 18782. jeju stone park2023, Namjo-ro, Jocheon-eup, Jeju-si, Jeju-do3. Teddy Bear (Teddy Bear ) 6000 31, Jungmungwangwang-ro110beon-gil, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-doLunch1. Ripley’s Believe It Or Not Museum32, Jungmungwangwang-ro110beon-gil, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do2. Trick Art Museum2644, Beon yeong-ro, Pyoseon-myeon, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do Operating Hours| | 09:00 – 19:00 ?last admission is 1 hour before closing| | | Length of Tour| 1hr 30min – 2hr| 3. Seong Eup Folk VillageSeongeup-ri, Pyoseon-myeon, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do4. Love Land,Jeju Loveland;  680-26 Yeon-dong, Jeju-si, Jeju-do ( 680-26); + 82 64 712 6988; www. jejuloveland. com5. – Mystery Road – Dokkaebi Road ( ) 6. Dahee Yeon Cafe115-1, Seongyo-ro, Jocheon-eup, Jeju-si, Jeju-do Operating Hours| | May-October: 09:00-19:00| 7. Glass Castle ( )) 9000 462, Nok chabunjae-ro, Hangyeong-myeon, Jeju-si, Jeju-do Operating Hours| | 09:00 ~ 18:00 ? The admission ticket office will be closed at 17:00|Admission Fees | | *Age 19~64: 9,000 won (Groups of 30 or more: 8,000 won) *Age 13~18: 8,000 won (Groups of 30 or more 7,000 won) *Age 12~5 : 7,000 won (Groups of 30 or more 6,000 won) *Over 65, the handicapped: 8,000 won(The handicapped Age 13~18: 7,000, Age 12~5 : 6,000 won)| | The sunrise seen from the peak is considered one of the most fascinating scenic views in Jeju. Admission Fees Age 24-64: 2,000 won / Age 7-23: 1,000 won / 65 and over, 6 and under: Free | | 8th Nov| (Appendix 2)| | | | | 9th Nov| – – . 0925 – 10301600(Appendix 3)| Check in GoodstayRitzcal Hotel – Map – About 4-5 hours travel time – Seoraksan ( ) :1. 2. ( )3. ( )4. 5. 6. 7. ( )8. 9. | * From 5A or 11B (1st floor) of the Incheon Airport, take Limousine Bus #6020 to the Gangnam Terminal (Central City Terminal). * From the Gangnam Terminal, take the express bus to SokchoDongbu Express Bus Terminal. : (7,7-1) 30 3. 20 , , 4. 6m | * Bus runs from 05:40 to 22:40 / Every 10-15 min / Takes approx. 1hr and 20min / Fare: 15,000won* Bus times06:30 / 07:10 / 07:50 / 08:30 / 08:40 / 09:00 / 09:20 / 09:30 / 10:00 / 10:30 / 11:00 / 11:30 / 12:00 / 12:30 / 13:00 / 13:30 / 14:00 / 14:30 / 15:00 / 15:30 / 16:00 / 16:30 / 17:00 / 17:30 / 18:00 / 18:30 / 19:00 / 19:30 / 20:00 / 20:30 / 21:00 / 22:30 / 23:30* Takes 2hr 30min / Fare: 17,000~19,000won* Take a taxi from the SokchoDongbu Express Bus Terminal to Ritzcal Hotel (Takes 10min by taxi / Fare: ~4,000 to 5,000won)| 0 Nov| | (Appendix 4)| 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. ( )10. ( )| 1. , 2. , 3. 1. 3 5km, 4. , | 5. , 6. 7. , 8. , | 11 Nov| – | (Appendix 5)(Appendix 6)(Appendix 7)| – check in Hotel – Ibis Hotel Myeong-dong1. – ChuncheonMyeong-dong street ( )2. ( . (food 1) – ( , ) , )4. 5. | * Hotel * Hotel * – â€⠀œ , * – 8? ,8-1? 8-2 8? , * 5 | * Tourist Information Center (TIC): KTO building, Seoul-siJung-guCheonggyecheon-ro 40 (Zip: 100-180), B1 of the  Ã‚  Korea Tourism Organization building  * ~ 6 ), 2 , 50 ,. - , 2 3 , 2 , | 12 Nov| | (Appendix 8)(Appendix 9)| 1. 2. 3. (Appendix 11)4. Insadong ( )5. Changdeokgung Palace ( )Cheonggyecheon Stream :1. Cheonggyecheon Plaza Ogansu Bridge2. The Josun Dynasty Stone Bridge ‘Gwangtong Bridge’3. World’s Largest Ceramic Wall Painting ‘Banchado( )4. N N-Tower (Namsan Tower) – Dongdaemun Market (. )| 1. * 3 ,? 5 5 2. * 3 ,2 ~ GS24 3. * 3 6 1 4. * 3 6 Walk up to the tourist information center (less than 1 minute). Insa-dong street starts there. 5. * 3 3 5 * 1 5 ,Walk 20 meters ahead. * 4 , 4 , , – 7,000Won. *First Choice: If we reach after 19:00. Take a City Tour bus in front of Donghwa Duty Free Shop in Gwanghwamun (Subway Line 5, Gwanghwamun Station, Exit 6). -Enjoy the city night life inside a City Tour bus! -Departure Time: 19:50/ 20:00-Itinerary of Tour: Gwanghwamun – Deoksugung Palace – Hangang River – N Seoul Tower (One round takes 2

Human Growth & Development Essay

The environment plays a crucial role in development from the newborn to the adolescence. The environmental view according to Sameroff is that a person’s IQ is largely influenced by culture and the surroundings in which the person is raised. Poor diet and lifestyle for example, taking alcohol during pregnancy can result in brain damage and hence low IQ in a child. Some research has shown that people from some social background tend to have low IQ e. g. blacks due to varied factors including stimulation and diet. Their research also found out that when children are exposed to extreme stress such as domestic violence, their neurocognitive development is affected and thus lower intelligence. In this case when children are stressed their brains are harmed drastically. It is documented that babies require a lot of fat in the first 12 months of life to build stronger and healthy brains. Stimulated children score on IQ tests than the unstimulated. This implies that need adult attention and play to do better on IQ tests. In this case inventories such as computer will be a lot helpful. Moreover, some music can improve a child’s IQ, for example the Mozart. However, it is possible that children with low levels of personal resources can reach the same level of achievement like that of the ones from highly advantaged social cadre. According to Caldwell and Bradley (1984), the HOME inventory is an index that depicts the quantity and quality of cognitive and emotional stimulation in the home environment. On visiting my neighbor’s home, I found that there were three children ranging from age 6-12. They were actively involved in computer games. Their parents occasionally joined them in playing the games. It was clear that there was mutual understanding between the family members. On rating the intellectual environment I gave a â€Å"high†. Work Cited 1. Caldwell, Bradley. â€Å"HOME inventory† New York: John Wiley. 1984:79 2. Sameroff AJ, Seifer R, Zax M. † Early development of children at risk for emotional disorder†. Child Dev. 1982;47. Serial no. 199 3. Sameroff AJ, Seifer R, Baldwin A, Baldwin C. â€Å"Stability of intelligence from preschool to adolescence: the influence of social and family risk factors†. Child Dev. 1993; 64:80-97

Extra Curriculum Activities Essay

An ideal school need more subject options such as drama, art and music—to excel at all levels. The school works provided to students by teachers have their own academic importance, Nevertheless that alone does not fulfil the schooling and learning requirements and standards. In some schools, the educational systems are only based upon fixed set of courses that excludes extra curriculum activities, causing insufficient or restrictiveness for the student’s comprehension skills and imaginations. Although it is believed that today’s schools have the best education system including extra curriculum activities, it is yet underestimated in many schools. These activities will bring many benefits to students. Involving students to participate in extra curriculum activities is very important in helping them to develop many skills such as working and social skills. Of course, while there are definitely a large amount of benefits to extra curriculum activities for students, there needs to be a balance between that and school work. Getting involved in a few different activities is a great choice to improve various skills and attitudes, and is definitely beneficial in all aspects, but too many activities can result in students having academic problems and more. Therefore, it is important for students to set some limits in being involved in extra curriculum activities. Also not every student is a mad scientist or a mathematician, so these extra subject choices give students a chance to develop skills in particular areas they are well in. Students learn about long term commitments when they are involved in extracurricular activities as well, which is another excellent benefit. When they join one of the activities or clubs, they commit themselves to that activity for a period of time. Learning to take on commitments is important, and these activities can teach students this important lesson. Many times, being involved in extracurricular activities helps to raise the self esteem of teens. There are many teens that feel worthless or that there is nothing they are good at. Teens struggle with self esteem, and these activities are a way that they can build self esteem. Everyone wants to find something that they are really good at, and extracurricular activities provide them with a way that they can get involved in something and really shine, giving their self esteem a boost. Getting involved in extracurricular activities also allows students to get involved in various interests. It is important for students to be very diverse in their interests. These activities allow them to explore a range of interests that they may have. Students should be allowed to take another step forward and be able to explore the world of art and music and to be able to nurture their talent and explore their own potential in other areas. There are numerous advantages for students to participate in extra curriculum activities. Therefore schools should be encouraged to involve students in these activities that increase the students’ self-worth, ability to think creatively, emotional understanding, social networks and overall increase their academic performances. With so many benefits and advantages, how can schools exclude extra Curriculum Activities?

Books obsolete Essay

From the beginning of time paper books have been the soul means of historical documentation and the recording of stories, as to be passed down through the generations. With the new technology know as kindles, e-books, etc. the needs of paper books has drastically decreased. When it comes to storage, convenience, and quality, e-books will be giving paper books a run for their money. Here are the pros and cons of tablets vs. paper books and what might be more preferred in the later years to come. All readers know how much space books take up. They are under the bed, in the drawers of dressers, shelves filled to the brim with all kinds of stories waiting to be read. The inconvenience of needing a place to store all the books is the tricking situation. Unless the house has multiple floors with to many rooms to count, all these books are consuming valuable space. Without a personal librarian, finding certain books could be a lot harder then say having it on your tablet, looking up the name and its there in less then five seconds. This brings up the issue of finding certain books to buy through the e-book system. Not all books are available electronically, only the â€Å"popular†, newer books have come out as e-books. A reader cannot browse e-book store like a half-price-books, and none of the books will cost less then ten dollars. For those customers who enjoy clearance books, e-books will not go over smoothly if printed books stop being produced. Another aspect though, how convenient is it to order the book and as soon as its paid for you can start reading? No need to leave the house! On a rainy day this would not be argued against. Even renting a book is more convenient because there will be no lines to wait in or over due books, because one could not get to the library after work. Another point is lending a book to a friend, are one going to lend his or hers three hundred dollar tablet to someone who may have it for n amount of days? Books are meant for sharing information, and for opening other people’s eyes to different concepts. Children, as an example, like picture books being read aloud to them before bedtime, sure there colored tablets now a days but what if the picture is  spread across two pages? The entire allusion would not make sense without the whole imagery meant to explain what may be happening. Printed books can be read outside on a sunny day, maybe while floating in a pool. True, books are not waterproof but they are not electronics either. Highlighting, side notes, comments can be made; research is easier with a printed book. Flipping through pages, having several books open when doing research is more productive. With e-books one must go page by page to find information of only one book at a time. They get a glare when reading outdoors even when cloudy, and would never dream of having them by water. Even though e-books are said to be more portable then books, what is the difference if only one book is being brought? Yes, the e-book may be lighter but printed books are not necessarily heavy. Then come the issue of textbooks, which are usually heavy, but have many examples for the text they contain. Without the picture there to show you a visual, how does the rader know they are getting all the fundamental learning agents? Eyestrain is proven to be more common when involving computers then print on paper. In a dark room it is better to have a book light shining on the page then a screen bright with words on it. â€Å"Eyestrain occurs when your eyes get tired from intense use, such as driving a car for extended periods, reading or working at a computer†(mayoclinic. com). Reading it a lit room from print is a lot better then reading from a screen. One the other hand when it comes to reading the small print can be just as annoying. The e-book can make the text bigger for who may have bad eyesight. No magnifying glasses necessary for e-book users. When looking at the evolution of technology, certain products become outdated very quickly. As electronics become more advanced and are consistently being updated it may not be best to buy e-books because sooner or later the programs will only be met for the newest and most advanced technology out there. E-books have already been rapidly changing with the new things you can use them for. Tablets are now not only use for reading but for games, browsing the web, navigation, it’s becoming a bigger version of a smartphone without the calling aspect involved in it. So individuals will not just be buying it for reading purposes, which will end up as a minuscule â€Å"perk† of buying a tablet. However, all technology is not meant to last forever, they do have an expiration date in a sense, because the producers want individuals to buy another one when its eventually stops working as well as it did once. With printed books, as long as the owner maintains the condition of the item, could last many more years then a tablet. At the end of the day, the question of books becoming obsolete due to the creation of electronic books is not likely. Sure, e-books are useful and handy to have but, will never surpass the simplicity of reading a printed book. Paper books are more reliable then computer files; they do not â€Å"crash† and loose information. E-book tablets are becoming less and less meant for buying books and more used for entertainment purposes. As long as there are the individuals that enjoys holding the book in their hands, paper books will never cease to exist.

Adam as the Hero of Paradise Lost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adam as the Hero of Paradise Lost - Essay Example It is a mistake to suppose that he could ever have been intended for the popular personification of evil’ (Shelley). This view of Satan is debatable and needs to be discussed in detail. Satan has remained the most dynamic character of the epic but Adam personifies the values and traits that far exceed that of Satan who needs to plot against him to remain in good books of God in the Paradise. Satan is portrayed as a headstrong, confident and brave person but his vanity about his own powerful stature and his ambition to become God brings about his downfall. He challenges the God’s son ascendancy and incites other angels ‘[B]y what best way†¦Whether of open war or covert guile,/We now debate; who can advise, may speak’ (ll. 40-42). In fact, Satan’s character is highly anti-hero primarily because despite having commendable personality and traits, his failure to cash on his good qualities is frequently displayed through his shrewd planning and deceit. He uses subterfuge and tempts Eve with apple so that Adam can also commit the action that would make him fall from God’s grace. Satan’s continued revolt against God’s decision is highly critical aspect of Satan’s character and reveals his flaws that promote chaos and therefore, do not let him become the hero of the epic. ‘Th’ Infernal Serpent; he it was whose guile / Stirred up with envy and revenge, deceived / The mother of mankind, what time his pride / Of rebel angels, by whose aid aspiring / To set himself in glory above his peers / He trusted to have equaled the Most High’ (I. 35-40). The cunning and ambiguity of character diminish his more heroic traits. Satan is also shown to possess vanity and would rather prefer hell to heaven if he can be a ruler there! ‘Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven’ (Book I, l. 263). Despite his bitterness, he accepts hell so that he could remain in the commanding position. His ego and his ambitious goal to become the heir of God encourage

Applying Self-Directed Learning and Transformational Learning Article

Applying Self-Directed Learning and Transformational Learning - Article Example ch Nesbit, Leach and Foley (2004) described these non-traditional adult students are less likely to be easily satisfied and more opinionated than their younger counterparts, that demand for better quality university provision is seen vital (p. 90). Specifically, this paper focuses on the application of three concepts: self-directed learning, transformational learning, and experiential learning, that for years, have been consistently acknowledged relevant to adult education. Adult Learning in College In the past, adult learning usually takes place in informal and non-formal settings. An adult, which may not have been able to finish high school or which may have failed to enter or finish college, sees the need to augment this educational deficiency with non-formal vocational education in order to gain skills necessary for employment. However today, â€Å"the increasing demands for professional services of high quality† (Marsick 1998, p. 119) rendered earlier adult learning insuf ficient, causing an increasing number of adults going through formal college education. As Jarvis (1995) rightly observed: â€Å"Because change is so rapid, it is necessary for individuals to keep learning, so that they should not become alienated from the culture that engulfs them† (p. 3). To be more concrete, â€Å"Individuals in the workforce are expected to keep abreast with all the technological changes that occur in their place of work† (Jarvis, 2004, pp. 13-14). This increasing adult participation in colleges has dramatically altered higher education institutions in terms of organization, program offerings and curricula, that adult education today is taking much academic interest, particularly in terms of adult learning. As Slotnick, et al. (1993) suspected in their study, some college... This essay analyzes that according to Paul (1996) experiential learning takes its root from the traditional apprentice model in response to the wide demand in the 19th century to incorporate practical learning in formal education, which was dominated then by abstract learning. The importance of integrating experience in learning is greatly influenced by John Dewey in the US. This has practically gained its impetus after WWII, with the returning US war veterans’ desire to pursue their education which was interfered by the war.  This essay analyzes that according to Paul (1996) experiential learning takes its root from the traditional apprentice model in response to the wide demand in the 19th century to incorporate practical learning in formal education, which was dominated then by abstract learning. The importance of integrating experience in learning is greatly influenced by John Dewey in the US. This has practically gained its impetus after WWII, with the returning US war veterans’ desire to pursue their education which was interfered by the war.   The rich experiences of adult learners can be rich learning resources in adult learning in colleges, but experiential learning can be truly a defining feature of adult learning, if learning does not sole rely on this, but instead makes use of this in combination with the other two learning concepts. As such, adult learner’s experiences would be understood to be value laden that reflecting on it could bring the adult learner to a deeper understanding of his/her life experience.